Conjunctions & common connectors
bet / o / gal / ir / irgi / arba / ar — how to link clauses in Lithuanian.
beginner ~8 min grammarconjunctions
Conjunctions
| Jungtukas | RU | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| ir | и | connects items of the same kind |
| bet | но | contrast — strong |
| o | а (но) | contrast — softer, "but rather" |
| arba | или | exclusive "or" |
| ar | ли (yes/no Q-particle) | starts a yes/no question |
| gal | может быть / может | polite softener ("may I have") |
| irgi | тоже | affirmative "also" |
| ir ... ir ... | и ... и ... | both A and B |
ir
- RU:
- и
- Usage:
- connects items of the same kind
bet
- RU:
- но
- Usage:
- contrast — strong
o
- RU:
- а (но)
- Usage:
- contrast — softer, "but rather"
arba
- RU:
- или
- Usage:
- exclusive "or"
ar
- RU:
- ли (yes/no Q-particle)
- Usage:
- starts a yes/no question
gal
- RU:
- может быть / может
- Usage:
- polite softener ("may I have")
irgi
- RU:
- тоже
- Usage:
- affirmative "also"
ir ... ir ...
- RU:
- и ... и ...
- Usage:
- both A and B
Practice
Ačiū, vandens stiklinę (Thank you, could I have a glass of water).
Ačiū, vandens stiklinė bus gerai (Thanks, but a glass of water will be fine).
Man patiko Kaunas Vilnius (I liked both Kaunas and Vilnius).
Man patinka Kaunas. Bet Vilnius patinka (also).
Klausimas 1 / 2
Which softens a request to polite?